Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
Balancing chemical equations ensures that the law of conservation of mass is satisfied, meaning the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
Answer: The stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is the exact ratio of air to fuel required for complete combustion without any excess oxygen or fuel. It is important for maximizing efficiency and minimizing pollutants.
. Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be generated as predicted by stoichiometry, while actual yield is the amount of product actually obtained from the reaction.
Answer: Percent yield is calculated using the formula: (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100%. .
A mole ratio is the ratio of the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a chemical reaction. It is derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation and used to convert between amounts of reactants and products.
Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³) represents the number of atoms, molecules, or particles in one mole of a substance, allowing chemists to count particles by weighing them. .
A stoichiometric mixture contains the exact proportions of reactants such that all reactants are completely consumed with no excess, based on their stoichiometric coefficients.
Stoichiometry is used in chemical engineering to design and optimize processes, ensure efficient use of reactants, minimize waste, and predict yields of products.
Challenges include dealing with complex reactions with multiple steps, accurately measuring reactant and product quantities, and accounting for side reactions and incomplete reactions.